全国2013年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读真题

一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1. A commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels account for 24 percent of total exports.

A. explain for B. amount to

C. take into account D. are responsible for

2. However, curbs on imports would run counter to Chinese undertakings to further liberalize its trade regime.

A. freedom B. road sides

C. restraints D. incentives

3. Taken literally, this does not make much sense as the parts of the coast which have not been “opened” are simply not ready for the demands of foreign businessman.

A. If it is understood in the word-for-word fashion

B. If it is understood seriously

C. If it is understood literarily

D. If it is taken for granted

4. Just two years ago South Korean manufacturers were flourishing on contracts from western athletic footwear giants.

A. on the side of B. according to

C. beside D. on top of

5. I would say that since 1957 our major mistakes have been left ones.

A. I should like to say B. I am bound to say

C. I must say D. I will say

6. Also noteworthy was the implementation by the Paris Club of a new menu of enhanced concessions in debt reschedulings for the severely indebted, low-income countries.

A. platform B. ingredient

C. diversification D. arrangement

7. Do you think Hong Kong people have a responsibility to instigate the democratic development in China?

A. investigate B. mitigate

C. promote D. agitate

8. By doing that, America struck at Britain’s fragile economy.

A. agile B. weak

C. frigid D. strong

9. “Price certainly plays into a product’s allure,” said Robert Burke, a retail consultant in New York. “For certain people, the higher the price, the more attractive the item becomes. ”

A. sale B. success

C. failure D. appeal

10. After weeks of record volatility, the stock market showed relatively little fluctuation today.

A. stability B. predictability

C. unpredictability D. change

11. Shareholders will be compensated for losses incurred when the company’s stock dropped after it disclosed in early 2004 that it had greatly overstated its reserves, a closely watched indicator of an energy company’s health.

A. made amends B. anticipated

C. made into D. made for

12. The reason for the historical relationship between the slope of the yield curve and the economy’s performance is that the long-term rate is, in effect, a prediction of future short-term rates.

A. surrender B. profit

C. cost D. loss

13. State economists warned that the latest monthly figure was exceptionally low because of a statistical aberration.

A. change B. difference

C. reduction D. abnormality

14. Outlet shopping malls are rapidly becoming the major attraction for travelers and bargain-hunting shoppers from all over the world.

A. shoppimg messes B. shopping masses

C. shopping centers D. wholesale stores

15. His appointment as interim C.E.O. suggests that the firm has placed a financial graybeard at the helm while it searches for a more permanent new leader.

A. temporary B. brief

C. middle D. neutral

二、正误判断题。正确的用“A”表示，错误的用“B”表示，请将“答题纸”上相应的代码涂黑。（本大题共 10小题，每小题 2分，共 20分）

Passage 1

For many nations, the worst of the economic slump is over.

“The world economy has bottomed out,” notes Rudi Dornbusch, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) economist who takes a monthly look at global economic trends for a number of corporations.

After a slow first half, the United States recovery has accelerated. Business is picking up in Canada and Britain also. Canada should have around 2.7 percent real growth this year. The new British budget, announced this week, assumes a real growth rate next year of 2.5 percent.

But on the European continent, the situation is less happy. “The economic climate has deteriorated further, albeit at a declining rate,” a European Community report commented recently. “There are still few signs of a cyclical turning point being reached. ”

“The Bundesbank continues to call the shots,” Dornbusch says, referring to Germany’s central bank. It has been gradually lowering interest rates all year, but not fast enough to satisfy its neighbors. Dornbusch argues that real interest rates, which take into account inflation, are too high in Germany. Producer prices have fallen for six months there, so interest rates of 6.4 percent are “extremely high for an economy that is not growing,” he says.

For 18 months economists have been revising their forecasts down for continental Europe. Dornbusch figures, “The bottom may have been reached, but a strong upswing is implausible. ”

The MIT economist criticizes the French government for strangling the economy with high interest rates in order to keep the franc strong against the German Deutsche mark. “France will do very poorly.” he concludes.

16. Rudi Dornbusch has noticed that the world economy has fallen to its record lows of the recession.

17.The economic situation in Europe has worsened, and there is no sign of a strong recovery yet.

18. According to Rudi Dornbusch for an economy that is not growing the interest rates should be relatively low.

19.France’s decision to keep parity with German Deutsche mark is not a wise

one.

20.The present economic situation in Canada presents nothing to be optimistic about.

Passage 2

If you still think Asia is cheap or even a bargain, compare office rents in Shanghai or Jakarta with those in Chicago and Paris. No wonder companies are voting with their feet in response to Asia’s rising costs. Matsushita, Sony and Honda continue to move production out of Japan. Taiwan’s Nan Ya Plastic is establishing factories in North Carolina and Texas to export back to Asia. Germany’s Siemens is dumping Singapore in favor of lower cost locations in the region. The way things are going, Siemens may have to move again before too long.

Take Korea, which has lost footwear and textiles to China and Indonesia because Korean wages kept climbing but productivity did not. Losing footwear may be nothing to cry over if that industry can be replaced, but what will substitute for low-tech electronics in South Korea and airline customer service activities in Hong Kong? The competition is not going to let up. To attract investment from East Asia and elsewhere, local authorities in Britain and state governments in the United States offer to cut taxes, provide cheap land and reduce bureaucracy. Technological innovations and cost reductions in telecommunications and transport mean that location is no longer as important as it was.

Too many Asian governments don’t seem to understand that as costs rise, competitiveness falls and investors shy away.

21. When the author argued that costs in Asia are too high, he was only making comparison between doing business in Asia in the past and today.

22. Companies are fighting against the increasing cost in Asia by demanding with majority votes that the cost be lowered.

23. Siemens would leave Singapore but find a better place in Asia and settle down there.

24. Asian manufacturers now would have to face competitions not only from their neighboring countries but those of the industrial nations.

25. According to the author, competitiveness would fall with the rise of costs.

非选择题部分

注意事项：

用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

三、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

26. cash crops

27. invisible trade account

28. The State Council

29. national income

30. portfolio investment

31. franchisee

32. antitrust legislation

33. dairy products

34. Ex-warehouse

35. test market

四、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

36. 基础设施

37. 资本货物

38. 贴现率

39. 官僚主义

40. 无政府状态

41. 恶性循环

42. 关税及贸易总协定

43. 招标

44. 有形贸易

45. 外汇储备

五、简答题（本大题共 6小题，每小题 3分，共 18分）

Passage 1

America wants Japan to meet import targets for some American goods. An unwilling Japan has decided to draw the line.

Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.

46. What is the meaning of “to draw the line” in the first paragraph?

47. What is the meaning of “result-oriented” in the second paragraph?

48. Will Japan succumb to that kind of pressure? What possible consequences will it lead to?

Passage 2

Wars, economic turmoil, global poverty… The agenda is packed as more than 2,500 of the world’s top business leaders and politicians come to the Swiss mountain village of Davos to attend the World Economic Forum, which starts in January, 2009.

The organizers are not bashful. This could be “one of the most important” annual meetings of the forum yet, they predict. And they have a point. The annual Davos event—this year with participants from over 90 countries—is not only a good opportunity to get a feel for the global economy and political balance of power. To participants it also offers a chance to step back and take stock of crisis and conflict, and gather ideas for tackling the world’s problems. The forum’s “theme” this year is fitting: shaping the post-crisis world. The participants are taking to it with a vengeance, if the forum’s new system for reserving a place at sessions is any guide. The first batch of tickets for sessions about the economic crisis was snapped up within 10 minutes after the booking website opened.

Critics, however, will point out that many of these problems were actually caused by the powerful elite that flocks to Davos every year. And with plenty of social activists in attendance, the event is also likely to bring some reckoning, contrition, and large helpings of humble pie. Philip Jennings, general secretary of global trade union UNI, said “we would not give a bonus to a factory worker who destroys the production line or a programmer who introduces a bug into software, yet all these bankers are being rewarded for watching while the industry ran headlong into a meltdown”.

49. Why could this be “one of the most important” annual meetings of the forum?

50. What’s the central topic for the 2009 Davos Forum?

51. What have the bankers been compared to?

六、翻译题（本大题12分）

52. That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our healthcare is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.